本人外语能力实在有限，有不通顺或翻译错误地方感谢指正

本篇是一篇采访，对象是艾玛戈德曼

(资料图片仅供参考)

安那其主义对女性来说意味着什么？

”安那其思想对我，特别作为一名女性，传达给我了什么？”

“ 相较于其他人，女性她们所获得更多的是——自由与平等”

爱玛戈德曼——安那其主义的女祭司，俄罗斯的流亡者，被警察们说恐吓并且现在身居圣路易斯的安那其主义宾客——迅速且认真的回答着我的问题。

我在俄勒冈州大道1722号找到了她，这是一栋老式的两层砖房，是一位同情者的家，并不是如之前所述的地点。

一位好脾气，身材魁梧的德国女士接待了我并把握带领到了一个典型的德式餐厅，里面的所有东西都是如同肥皂和水做的一样干净。在用围裙仔细帮我擦去椅子上的灰尘后，她将我告诉给了这位大胆的小小思想家。我很受欢迎。当我发现爱玛戈德曼时，她正喝着咖啡吃着面包和果冻，这便是她的早餐。爱玛身着干净的并用高级密织棉布所织成的女式衬衫和短裙。腰部和裙子整整齐齐，双脚裹在一双宽松的布拖鞋里。她看起来不像一个俄罗斯的虚无主义者，假使她越过边境回到祖国，她恐怕要送到西伯利亚。

“你相信婚姻吗？”我问道

“并不”这个美丽的小安那其主义者像往常一样迅速的回答到“我相信两个人并不是通过鉴定人，牧师或是法院亦或者通过身体的任何部位才相爱在一起的。他们自己决定着彼此之间的关系。当双方的其中一方对此感到厌倦的时候，他们可以如同开始的时候一样悄咪咪的结束这段关系。”

戈德曼女士在强调她的话时轻轻的点着头，真是个漂亮的脑袋，并伴有着棕色的头发，砰的一声梳到一边。她的眼睛是纯蓝色的，她的面色白皙。她的鼻子虽然相当宽，是条顿人的鼻子，但形状很好。她身材矮小但身形丰满，相比与俄罗斯人她更像德国人。她唯一的缺点是严重的近视，即使带着眼镜也看不起手指的纹路。

“应当是结成某种同盟”她继续说到“并不是像现在这样，（婚姻）只给与女人一个支持或者家，而是因为爱就在那里，而这种状态（爱情）应当是通过自身“内部革命”来实现，简而言之，是安那其式的。”

她平静的说出了这句话，就如同只是表达了一种常识。但她眼中闪烁的光芒表明，在她繁忙的大脑中，“内部革命”已经在起作用。

“安那其思想对女性许诺了什么？”

“它为女性带来了一切，例如自由和平等那些女性现在仍未拥有的。”

“女士们现在不自由吗？”

“自由！她们现在被她们的丈夫和孩子们所奴役。她们应该像男人一样参与进商业社会；她们应该在世界上与他们平起平坐，就像现实一样。女士们和男士们一样能干，但当劳动时，工资却少了。为什么？因为她穿裙子而不是穿裤子？”

“如果女性根据男性理想家庭生活的想法来实现，那一切会变成什么样子？”

“理想的家庭生活，的确！女人们并不是家庭中的女王，而是孩子和丈夫们的仆人、情妇和奴隶。她失去了自己的个性，甚至是名字。她是约翰·布朗（John Brown）的情妇或汤姆·琼斯（Tom Jones）的情妇；仅仅如此，这便是我的看法。”

戈德曼女士的口音很动听。她发音时滚动着r，把r改成v，反之亦然，发音是真正的俄语口音，并通过手势来解释。当她变得兴奋（原文：become exited）时，可以通过肢体来更好解释她的意思。

“你认为安那其主义时代怎么跟孩子们相处呢”

“孩子们会被提供一个普通的家，大型的寄宿制学校，在那里他们会得到适当的照顾与教育，和家里一样，当然更多情况下会比家里更好。只有极少数的母亲懂得如何照顾孩子，这目前还是一个很少人学过的学问。”

“对那些对家庭生活或者照顾自己的孩子有依恋的女性，她们怎么办？”

“哦，当然，那些有这种欲望的女性可以把孩子留在家里，并按照自己的意愿严格履行家务。但这也给那些渴望更广阔事业并有所成就的女性提供了更多的机会。没有穷人，没有资本家，只有公有制，这个地球将提供基督徒在另一个世界寻找的天堂。”

她沉思地凝视着空咖啡杯的底部，仿佛在想象中看到了理想的状态已经是现实了。

“谁会照顾这些小孩呢？”我打断了她的遐想。

“每个人，”她回答说，“都有适合自己职业的资格和品质。我是一名受过训练的护士，我喜欢照顾病人。所以对于一些女性来说，她们回想照顾和教育孩子。”

“这些孩子难道不会对失去父母对他们的爱，从而感到孤独而失去陪伴吗？”我突然想到这些可爱的孩子们如同关在了孤儿院。

“父母们仍然可以像现在一样有机会获得他们的信任和感情。他们可以与孩子在学校随心所欲的在一起度过时光。孩子们将会是充满爱，健康，坚强，而不是现在这样，在大多数情况下，他们出生于父母间的仇恨和家庭纠纷。”

“什么是你所说的爱呢？”

“当男女中的一半发现另一半身上有他们所钦佩的品质，并傲慢的想要取悦那个人，甚至是牺牲自己的情感；当这种微妙的东西将他们吸引在了一起，那些有”爱“的人会认识到自己内心深处感受到的一切，这就是我所说的爱。”她说完，脸上泛着玫瑰色的红晕。

“那一个人可以在同一时间喜欢很多人吗？”

“我并不认为这有什么不可的，如果他们有着相同可爱的品质在这些人当中。有什么能阻止一个人在所有人身上都爱着同样的东西？”

”假设我们不再爱着对方并如同我之前所说一样找到另一半，我们会好好谈谈，并悄悄地改变生活方式。家庭的私人事物因此不必在法庭上辩论，因为这是公共的性质（/财产）（原文：property）没有人能控制感情，因此不存在嫉妒。”

“至于心痛（指分手后），哦是的”她悲伤的说着“但这不会是仇恨，因为他们会抵触这种关系。但只要人的心还在跳动，他们就会永远的心痛。”

“我的宗教信仰，”她笑着重复道“当我还是一个女孩的时候，就像你所知的，我是一个犹太教徒，但现在我是个无神论者，没有人可以通过《圣经》的灵感或者上帝来证明使我满意。我并不相信宗教中的后世，除非他是由人体内存在的物质所证明。它是由另外一种形式所存在的并且我不认为任何曾经创造过的东西都会丢失，它以一种形状不断地前进，然后又以另一种形状前进。 世界上并不存在灵魂，一切是物质的世界。”

漂亮的戈德曼小姐说完了话，当我问她是否打算结婚时，她的脸颊上泛起了淡淡的红晕。

“不，我并不他人的婚姻，当然我也不应该传道授业。”

她以轻松的姿态坐着，一条腿交叉在另一条腿上。从任何意义上说，她都是一个外表女性化的女人，有着男性化的头脑和勇气。当她说周三晚上有50名警察参加她的讲座时，她笑了，并补充道：“如果有人扔了炸弹，我肯定会为此受到指责。”

原文

What does anarchy hold out to me—a woman?”

“More to woman than to anyone else—everything which she has not—freedom and equality.”

Quickly, earnestly Emma Goldman, the priestess of anarchy, exiled from Russia, feared by police, and now a guest of St. Louis Anarchists,* gave this answer to my question.

I found her at No. 1722 Oregon avenue, an old-style twostory brick house, the home of a sympathizer† —not a relative as has been stated.

I was received by a good-natured, portly German woman, and taken back to a typical German dining-room—everything clean and neat as soap and water could make them. After carefully dusting a chair for me with her apron, she took my name back to the bold little free-thinker. I was welcome. I found Emma Goldman sipping her coffee and partaking of bread and jelly, as her morning’s repast. She was neatly clad in a percale shirt waist and skirt, with white collar and cuffs, her feet encased in a loose pair of cloth slippers. She doesn’t look like a Russian Nihilist who will be sent to Siberia if she ever crosses the frontier of her native land.

“Do you believe in marriage?” I asked.

“I do not,” answered the fair little Anarchist, as promptly as before. “I believe that when two people love each other that no judge, minister, or court, or body of people, have anything to do with it. They themselves are the ones to determine the relations which they shall hold with one another. When that relation becomes irksome to either party, or one of the parties, then it can be as quietly terminated as it was formed.”

Miss Goldman gave a little nod of her head to emphasize her words, and quite a pretty head it was, crowned with soft brown hair, combed with a bang and brushed to one side. Her eyes are the honest blue, her complexion clear and white. Her nose though rather broad and of a Teutonic type, was well formed. She is short of stature, with a well-rounded figure. Her whole type is more German than Russian. The only serious physical failing that she has is in her eyes. She is so extremely nearsighted that with glasses she can scarcely distinguish print.

“The alliance should be formed,” she continued, “not as it is now, to give the woman a support and home, but because the love is there, and that state of affairs can only be brought about by an internal revolution, in short, Anarchy.”

She said this as calmly as though she had just expressed an ordinary every-day fact, but the glitter in her eyes showed the “internal revolutions” already at work in her busy brain.

“What does Anarchy promise woman?”

“It holds everything for woman—freedom, equality—everything that woman has not now.”

“Isn’t woman free?”

“Free! She is the slave of her husband and her children. She should take her part in the business world the same as the man; she should be his equal before the world, as she is in the reality. She is as capable as he, but when she labors she gets less wages. Why? Because she wears skirts instead of trousers.”

“But what is to become of the ideal home life, and all that now surrounds the mother, according to a man’s idea?”

“Ideal home life, indeed! The woman, instead of being the household queen, told about in story books, is the servant, the mistress, and the slave of both husband and children. She loses her own individuality entirely, even her name she is not allowed to keep. She is the mistress of John Brown or the mistress of Tom Jones; she is that and nothing else. That is the way I think of her.”

Miss Goldman has a pleasant accent. She rolls her r’s and changes her r’s into v’s and vice-versa, with a truly Russian pronunciation. She gesticulates a great deal. When she becomes exited her hands and feet and shoulders all help to illustrate her meanings.

“What would you do with the children of the Anarchistic era?”

“The children would be provided with common homes, big boarding schools, where they will be properly cared for and educated and in every way as good, and in most cases, better care than they would receive in their own homes. Very few mothers know how to take proper care of their children, anyway. It is a science only a very few have learned.”

“But the women that desire a home life and the care of their own children, the domestic woman, what of her?”

“Oh, of course, the women that desire could keep their children home and confine themselves as strictly as domestic duties as they desired. But it would give those women who desire something broader, a chance to attain any height they desired. With no poor, and no capitalists, and one common purse, this earth will afford the heaven that the Christians are looking for in another world."

She gazed contemplatively in the bottom of the empty coffee cup, as though she saw in imagination the ideal State, already an actuality.

“Who will take care of the children?” I asked, breaking in upon her reverie.

“Every one,” she answered, “has tastes and qualifications suiting them to some occupation. I am a trained nurse. I like to care of the sick. So it will be with some women. They will want to care for and teach the children.”

“Won’t the children lose their love for their parents and feel the lack of their companionship?” A thought of the affectionate little darlings being relegated to a sort of orphan asylum crossed my mind.

“The parents will have the same opportunities of gaining their confidences and affections as they have now. They can spend just as much time there as they please or have them with them just as often as desired. They will be the children of love—healthy, strong-minded—and not as now, in most cases, born of hate and domestic dissensions.”

“What do you call love?”

“When a man or a woman finds some quality or qualities in another that they admire and has an overweening desire to please that person, even to the sacrificing of personal feeling; when there is that subtle something drawing them together, that those who love recognize, and feel it in the inmost fiber of their being, then I call that love.” She finished speaking and her face was suffused with a rosy blush.

“Can a person love more than one at a time?”

“I don’t see why not—if they find the same lovable qualities in several persons. What should prevent one loving the same things in all of them?”

“If we cease to love the man or woman and find some one else, as I said before, we talk it over and quietly change the mode of living. The private affairs of the family need not then be talked over in the courts and become public property. No one can control the affections, therefore there should be no jealousies.

Heartaches? Oh, yes,” she said, sadly, “but not hatred because he or she has tired of the relations. The human race will always have heartaches as long as the heart beats in the breast.

“My religion,” she laughingly repeated. “I was of the Hebrew faith when a girl—you know I am a Jewess—but now I am an atheist. No one has been able to prove either the inspiration of the Bible or the existence of a God to my satisfaction. I believe in no hereafter except the hereafter that is found by the physical matter existing in the human body. I think that lives again in some other form, and I don’t think that anything once created over is lost—it goes on and on in first one shape, then another. There is no such thing as a soul—it is all the physical matter.”

Pretty Miss Goldman finished speaking, and a delicate flush mounted to her cheek as I asked her if she intended to marry.

“No; I don’t believe in marriage for others, and I certainly should not preach one thing and practice another.”

She sat in an easy attitude with one leg crossed over the other. She is in every sense a womanly looking woman, with masculine mind and courage. She laughed as she said there were fifty police at her lecture on Wednesday night, and she added, “If there had been a bomb thrown I surely would have been blamed for it.”